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1.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 61(1): 70-75, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838419

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate for 12 months the changes of body weight using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) and if these changes are related to inflammatory markers. Subjects and methods Twenty women of childbearing age who chose the DMPA, without previous use of this method, BMI < 30 kg/m2, and 17 women using IUD TCu 380A, participated in the study. At the baseline and after one year, changes in weight gain, body composition by the bioimpedance electric method, resting energy expenditure (REE) by the indirect calorimetry method, inflammatory markers and HOMA-IR were assessed. Results After 12 months of evaluation, we could observe a significant increase in the DMPA group in weight (3,01 kg) and BMI, while the IUD group’s only significant increase was observed in the BMI. Relative to REE there was an increase of basal metabolic rate (BMR) in both groups after one year. The sub-group DMPA that gained < 3 kg had increased significant weight, BMI and body surface (BS) with respiratory quotient (RQ) reduction, while the sub-group that gained ≥ 3 kg had a significant increase in weight, BMI, BS, fat-free mass, fat mass, BMR, Leptin, HOMA-IR and waist circumference, with RQ significantly reduced. Conclusion Our study found significant changes in weight, body composition and metabolic profile of the population studied in the first 12 months of contraceptive use. These changes mainly increased body weight, leptin levels and HOMA-IR which can contribute to the development of some chronic complications, including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Body Composition/drug effects , Biomarkers/blood , Weight Gain/drug effects , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/pharmacology , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Calorimetry, Indirect , Body Mass Index , Follow-Up Studies , Interleukin-6/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Leptin/blood , Adiponectin/blood , Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/blood , Glucose/analysis , Insulin/blood
2.
Biol. Res ; 46(1): 75-78, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676824

ABSTRACT

Curare, a selective skeletal muscle relaxant, has been used clinically to reduce shivering and as an anesthetic auxiliary in abdominal surgery. It is also widely used in animal experiments to block neuromuscular junction activity. Effective doses of curare diminish muscle contraction without affecting brain function, but at higher doses it is known to be lethal. However, the exact dose of curare initiating muscle relaxation vs. lethal effect has not been fully characterized in mice. In this study we carefully examined the dose-response for achieving muscle inactivity over lethality in both male and female mice (C57BL6/J). The most striking finding of this study is that female mice were highly susceptible to curare; both the EDm and LDm were at least 3-fold lower than male littermates. This study shows that gender-specific differences can be an important factor when administering skeletal muscle relaxants, particularly curare or other analogous agents targeted to the neuromuscular junction.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Curare/administration & dosage , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/administration & dosage , Oxygen Consumption/drug effects , Sex Factors , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Body Temperature/drug effects , Circadian Rhythm/drug effects , Curare/toxicity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Feeding Behavior/drug effects , Immobilization , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/toxicity
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 54(1): 37-44, fev. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-544030

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação de L-carnitina, por 30 dias, sobre a taxa metabólica de repouso (TMR) e oxidação de ácidos graxos livres (AGL), em repouso e exercício. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Vinte e um voluntários ativos (40 a 58 anos) com sobrepeso foram randomizados em dois grupos: suplementado (GS; N = 11; 1,8 g/dia de L-carnitina) e placebo (GP; N = 10; maltodextrina). Foi feita avaliação da ingestão calórica, antropometria, determinação da TMR, VO2máx, quociente respiratório e AGL plasmáticos. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa na ingestão (-244,66 vs. -126,00 kcal/dia), composição corporal (-0,07 vs. -0,17 kg/m²), TMR (0,06 vs. -0,02 kcal/ dia), quociente respiratório em repouso (3,69 vs. -1,01) e exercício (0,01 vs. -0,01) e VO2máx (0,50 vs. 1,25 mL/kg/min) para o grupo GS em relação ao GP. Houve aumento dos AGL em repouso no GP (0,27), porém sem diferenças no exercício para os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve efeito da L-carnitina em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas no estudo.


PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of L-carnitine supplementation, over thirty days, on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and oxidation of free fatty acids (FFA) under rested or exercised conditions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one overweight active volunteers (40 to 58 years old) were randomized into two groups: supplemented (GS; N = 11; 1,8 g/day of L-carnitine) or placebo (GP; N = 10; maltodextrin). Caloric intake, anthropometry, RMR, VO2max, respiratory exchange ratio and plasma FFA were measured. RESULTS: No significant changes were found in the caloric intake (-244,66 vs. -126,00 kcal/day), body composition (-0.07 vs. -0.17 kg/m²), RMR (0.06 vs. -0.02 kcal/day), respiratory exchange ratio at rest (3.69 vs. -1.01) and exercise (0.01 vs. -0.01) or VO2max (0.50 vs. 1.25 mL/kg/min) between GS and GP. Plasma FFA levels were increased under resting conditions only in the GP group (0.27), but no significant changes were observed before or after physical activity in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with L-carnitine caused no changes in the variables analyzed in this study.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Carnitine/administration & dosage , Exercise/physiology , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Obesity/drug therapy , Rest/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Basal Metabolism/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric
4.
J Biosci ; 2006 Dec; 31(5): 575-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-111016

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus (DM)is a multi-factorial disease which is characterized by hyperglycaemia, lipoprotein abnormalities and oxidative stress. This study evaluated effect of oral vitamin C administration on basal metabolic rate and lipid profile of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Vitamin C was administered at 200 mg/kg body wt. by gavage for four weeks to diabetic rats after which the resting metabolic rate and plasma lipid profile was determined. The results showed that vitamin C administration significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced the resting metabolic rate in diabetic rats; and also lowered plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These results suggest that the administration of vitamin C in this model of established diabetes mellitus might be beneficial for the restoration of basal metabolic rate and improvement of lipid profile. This may at least in part reduce the risk of cardiovascular events seen in diabetes mellitus.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(12): 1354-60, dic. 2000. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-281995

ABSTRACT

Fatty acids, obesity and insulin resistance relationship are discussed. In the last decades fatty acids (FA) have been implicated in the etiology of insulin resistance. Initially, this process was related to FA inhibitory effects on glucose uptake mediated by the FA oxidation metabolites. This mechanism known as the Randle cycle has been presently discarded based on recent evidence for FA effects on glucose metabolism. Now is known that cytosolic lipid content and FA molecular structure determines higher or lower storage and oxidation capacity. Another factor is given by Tumor Necrosis Factor-a, which is overexpressed in animal and human obesity, producing insulin signaling and glucose uptake inhibition. This paper discuss the role played by FA and obesity on insulin resistance, mainly in relation to FA effects on glucose metabolism in the liver, muscle and adipose tissues. In the obesity condition adipose tissue releases higher levels of free FA which in turn stimulates hepatic glucose production. Adipose tissue also, increase TNF-a secretion impairing glucose utilization and insulin signaling. In muscle, cytosolic lipid content activate a Protein Kinase that inhibits the insulin signaling and reduce GLUT-4 translocation. The study of cellular and metabolic changes associated to weight gain and its relationship with insulin resistance etiology are encouraged


Subject(s)
Humans , Insulin Resistance , Obesity/complications , Fatty Acids/adverse effects , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Adipose Tissue/drug effects , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Glucose , Liver/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
6.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 18(1): 23-30, mar.-abr. 1999. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-253199

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Conocer el descenso que produce atorvastatina, un nuevo inhibidor de la 3-hidroxi metiglutaril coenzima A reductasa ( HMG- CoA ), en los niveles del colesterol de la lipoprotéina de baja densidad c- LDL demás parámetros lipídicos a los 30 días y, observar , si esta reducción del c-LDL se mantiene alos 150 días de tratamiento , en sujetos con hipercolesterolemia primaria y sin manifestaciones clínica de un cardiopatía coronaría ( prevención primaria ).Métodos. Estudio abierto en 32 sujetos ( edad: 27 a 77 ) con IMC de 24 Kg/M2, con una dosis diaria de 10 mg de atorvastatina con un colesterol total ( C-T ) basal medio de 296 mg/dI, c-LDL de 212 mg/dI, c-HDL de 46 mg/dI, triglicéridos ( TG ) de 190 mg/dI y c-VLDL de 38 mg/dI. Del grupo total de pacientes que completaron 30 días de tratamiento, se seleccionaron al azar 15 casos para continuar con igual dosis de atorvastina hasta completar 150 días. Resultados. Atorvastina a los 30 días redujo en forma significativa (p<0,001) y un aumento NS del c-HDL de un 12 por ciento y disminución de un 16 por ciento de los TG. A los 150 días la reducción del c-LDL se mantuvo en un 56 por ciento (p<0,0007) experimentó un aumento de un 20 por ciento (p <0,012) y el C-T disminuyó en un 40 por ciento (p <0,0007). No se registraron efectos adversos que obligaran a suspender el medicamento ni hubo alza de las transaminasas GOT, GOP y CK más del doble de los valores considerados normales. Conclusión. Con 10 mg de atorvastina se logra un significativo descenso del c-LDL en forma precoz, manteniéndose este efecto a los 150 días de tratamiento. Con esta dosis y a los 150 días, el 100 por ciento de los sujetos obtiene la meta de la NCEP en la prevención primaria de la cardiopatía coronaría , un c-LDL menor de 130 mg/dI y, además, un incremento significativo del c-HDL


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Cholesterol, LDL/drug effects , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Transaminases/pharmacology
7.
Rev. chil. urol ; 62(1): 51-3, 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-212037

ABSTRACT

Con los cambios en la formulación así como en los avances en la monitorización hoy es discutible si basta con los niveles basases o es necesario obtener alguna medición más exacta de la exposición del paciente a la ciclosporina. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la experiencia inicial de monitorización de ciclosporina en el período post trasplante inmediato y comparar la monitorización con nivel basal vs el Arca bajo la Curva (AUC) tanto total como reducido. Aquellos enfermos que no alcanzaron niveles de 300 ng/ml durante la primera semana fueron malos absorbedores y necesitaron una dosis mayor que los que respondieron precozmente. El nivel basal fue un mal indicador de la exposición del enfermo a la ciclosporina, ya que al comparar ambas determinaciones se obtiene una relación de 0.284 (NS). Al correlacionar el AUC promedio con el AUC reducido se observa una correlación de 0.917 (p

Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cyclosporine/pharmacokinetics , Immunosuppression Therapy , Kidney Transplantation , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Cyclosporine , Graft Rejection/drug therapy , Monitoring, Physiologic , Prospective Studies
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 123(8): 943-7, ago. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-162295

ABSTRACT

Fluoxetine, a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor with antidepressive and appetite reduction effects, could improve insulin sensitivity. The aim of this work was to assess this effect of fluoxetine in obese subjects. We studied 12 subjects with a body mass index over 30, with normal oral glucose tolerance test and not subjected to dietary restrictions. Insulin sensitivity using Bergman's minimal model, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 (BP 1) were evaluated before and after three weeks of treatment with 60 mg OD of fluoxetine. During treatment, subjects lost a mean of 1.9 kg. When compared with basal values, insulin sensitivity index (S1) improved significantly at the end of threatment (1.71ñ0.44 and 2.72ñ0.63 respectively), SHBG increased (28.9ñ5.1 and 18.2ñ3.4 nM/ml respectively) and BP 1 did not change (2.8ñ0.9 and 1.5ñ0.3 ng/ml respectively). The changes in insulin sensitivity did not correlate with weight changes (r=0.4 NS). Weight or insulin sensitivity changes did not correlate with initial degree of insulin resistance. We conclude that the improvement in insulin sensitivity elicited by fluoxetine is not related to weight changes and may be useful in the treatment of insulin resistant obese subjects


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Fluoxetine/pharmacokinetics , Obesity/physiopathology , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Weight Loss
9.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 60(1): 34-7, 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-164873

ABSTRACT

Danazol es un esteroide sintético derivado de la 17-alfa ethiniltestosterona y es utilizado principalmente en el tratamiento de la endometriosis. Su efectividad es debida a que induce un estado transitorio de hipoestrogenismo e hiperandrogenismo que conduce a la atrofia del tejido endometrial ectópico. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 14 mujeres en edad fértil con diagnóstico laparoscópico de endometriosis pelviana con el objeto de precisar las alteraciones producidas en el metabolismo óseo y lipídico luego de seis meses de tratamiento con danazol. La evaluación de laboratorio incluyó: densidad ósea mineral, relaciones urinarias de hydroxiprolina/creatinina y calcio/creatinina, perfil lipídico, fracción ósea de las fosfatasas alcalinas y estradiol plasmático. Se observó una disminución significativa en el nivel de estradiol plasmático (p<0.001). Una disminución de los niveles de HDL colesterol y un aumento del LDL colesterol fue estadísticamente significativo luego de 3 y 6 meses de tratamiento (p<0.001), pero las lipoproteínas retornaron a su nivel basal luego de 3 meses de suspendida la droga. La fracción ósea de las fosfatasas alcalinas mostró un aumento progresivo (p<0.001) y no encontró variación significativa de las relaciones urinarias de hydroxiprolina/creatinina y calcio/creatinina. La osteodensitometría no evidenció cambios luego de 6 meses de tratamiento. Concluímos que pese a que danazol produce hipoestrogenismo e hiperandrogenismo, los marcadores bioquímicos de pérdida ósea no se alteraron, no hubo efecto negativo en la densidad ósea mineral y el deterioro del perfil lipídico es reversible al descontinuar la droga


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Danazol/pharmacokinetics , Endometriosis/metabolism , Cholesterol/blood , Bone Density , Densitometry , Dietary Fats/metabolism , Prospective Studies
10.
An. venez. nutr ; 4: 25-35, 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-159579

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo tiene como propósito determinar si la metodología propuesta por el comité de expertos FAO-OMS-UNU en 1985 para la estimación de las necesidades de energía es factible de ser aplicada para la estimación de estas necesidades en la población venezolana. Esta metodología se basa principalmente en calcular la tasa de metabolismo basal (TMB) mediante unas ecuaciones lineales que incluyen la edad, el sexo y el peso corporal y el gasto energético total, multiplicando la TMB por un factor que cubre el costo energético de incrementar el tono muscular, la actividad física y el efecto térmico de los alimentos. Cuando sea pertinente se incluyen las necesidades adicionales en caso de crecimiento y lactancia. Con esta metodología, en la población venezolana se obtuvieron los siguientes valores: 1.502 Kcal en los niños menores de 10 años; 2.430 Kcal en los varones de 10 a 17 años; 2.121 Kcal en las niñas de 10 a 17 años;2.798 Kcal en los varones de 18 años y más; 1.995 Kcal, en las mujeres de 18 años y más y un requerimiento energético promedio por persona día de 2.153 Kcal que aumenta a 2.207 Kcal, si se corrige por el contenido de fibra dietética en la dieta. Estas cifras presentan diferencias con las obtenidas anteriormente para Venezuela en 1981, siendo ahora más bajas en los menores de 10 años, en los varones de 10 años y más y en las niñas de 10 a 15 años y más elevadas en las mujeres de 16 años y más. Estos valores pueden ser revisados en la medida en que se disponga de mayor información sobre patrones nacionales de peso y talla, actividades ocupacionales y discrecionales de la población y, además, se prevé que las necesidades energéticas aumentarán en la medida que la población menor de 10 años logre un desarrollo físico más acorde con su potencial genético y la población en general aumente su actividad física


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Anthropometry/methods , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Energy Requirement , Energy Metabolism/methods , Feeding Methods , United Nations , Venezuela , World Health Organization
11.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-20686

ABSTRACT

Undernutrition in rats for 60 days from the first day of birth resulted in a significant diminution of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and basal metabolic rate (BMR; 12.5 and 5% respectively) as compared to their controls, even when expressed on a metabolic body weight basis. Sucrose (8%) feeding for 72 h of such undernourished (UN) rats immediately after 60 days reverted the depressed NST capacity to levels comparable to control values while the BMR was higher by about 9 per cent than controls. The actual increase in NST and BMR of UN rats after 72 h of sucrose feeding was about 12 and 14 per cent respectively when compared to the values before sucrose feeding. This is possibly because sucrose feeding is known to elevate the caloric intake by 20-30 per cent over normal and would stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. The results thus would imply that the reduced NST and BMR in rats consequent to undernutrition is probably due to diminished SNS activity which may be associated with changes in some hormonal and brown adipose tissue functions. However, such changes appear to be limited only to the period of undernutrition as it can be corrected speedily by adequate energy supplementation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Body Temperature/drug effects , Male , Nutrition Disorders/metabolism , Oxygen Consumption , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Sucrose/pharmacology
12.
Acta physiol. pharmacol. latinoam ; 40(1): 65-79, 1990. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-87940

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se determinaron los efectos de la prolactina (PRL) "in vitro" sobre la esteroidogénesis testicular, utilizando un cultivo primario de células intersticiales de rata inmadura. Las células fueron cultivadas en un medio químicamente definido, con el agregado de insulina y transferrina durante 2 días a 34§C. La producción de andrógenos durante el segundo día de cultivo resultó ser significativamente mayor que en el primer día (3 alfa-Androstandiol (3 alfa-Diol) 5.14 ñ 0.46 vs. 3.74 ñ 0.10 ng/microng ADN, p < 0.001); Testosterona (T) + Dihidrotestosterona (DHT) 0.40 ñ 0.04 vs. 0.34 ñ 0.03 ng/microng ADN, p < 0.001). La curva dosis respuesta para distintas dosis de hCG mostró un ED50= 2.5 mUI/ml. El efecto agudo de la PRL (10, 100 y 1000 ng/ml) sobre la producción basal de 3 alfa/Diol se evaluó luego de 45 h de cultivo. Sólo la dosis de PRL de 1000 ng/ml reveló diferencias significativas con respcto al control y dicho efecto pordría ser debido a su contaminación con LH. En otra serie de experimentos se evaluaron los efectos de menores dosis de la hormona a tiempos prolongados. La PRL (10 ng/ml), agregada durante todo el tiempo de cultivo, causó una inhibición significativa en la producción basal de 3 alfa-Diol, mientras que la respuesta a un estímulo máximo con hCG no varió. Cuando se determinó la producción de T+DHT se observó un cambio notorio en la relación T+DHT/Diol, tanto en condiciones basales (Control: 0.09 vs. PRL: 0.38) como ante el estímulo con hCG...


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Cells, Cultured/metabolism , Leydig Cells/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Prolactin/metabolism , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Cells, Cultured/enzymology , Leydig Cells/enzymology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Insulin/metabolism , Insulin/pharmacology , Prolactin/pharmacology , Rats, Inbred Strains , Transferrin/metabolism , Transferrin/pharmacology
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